1 灯具设计风格的发展历史

1 development history of lighting design style

灯具设计风格的发展历史是依附于整个工业设计的发展历史的，因此，按照时间的先后顺序从工业设计史的启蒙、成型、成熟和多元化四个时期来探究灯具设计风格的发展历史。

The development history of luminaire design style is dependent on the development history of the whole industrial design. Therefore, according to the sequence of time, the development history of luminaire design style is explored from the four periods of enlightenment, shaping, maturity and diversification of the history of industrial design.

1.1工业设计启蒙时期

1.1 The Enlightenment period of industrial design

工业设计的萌芽是从19世纪末20世纪初开始的，最初在欧洲和美国形成并传播开来，引发了巨大影响的新艺术运动是在工业设计史上拥有重要地位的一次“装饰艺术”的运动。当时流行风格相对多样化，就使得各范围内的团体能够相互聚集，并不断地发展其他团体的特点，这推进了当时流行风格的改良，属于现代主义的前奏。新艺术运动时期的灯具设计风格主要体现为彻底走向自然风格，十分倾向于植物的有机形态。此时的新艺术运动还是在为一些显贵和掌管资源的政府机构服务。知名设计师艾米尔·盖勒是南锡派的代表,他的作品采用了大量的异乡植物和昆虫的外形，有浓重的象征意义。

The sprouting of industrial design began in the late 19th century and early 20th century. It was originally formed and spread in Europe and the United States. The Art Nouveau Movement, which caused great influence, was a movement of "decorative art" with an important position in the history of industrial design. At that time, the relative diversity of popular styles, so that groups within the scope of each other can gather, and continue to develop the characteristics of other groups, which promoted the improvement of the popular style, belongs to the prelude to modernism. The design style of lamps and lanterns in the period of the Art Nouveau Movement is mainly embodied in the thorough natural style, which is very inclined to the organic form of plants. At this time, the new art movement is still serving some prominent and resource oriented government agencies. Emil Geller, a famous designer, is a representative of the Nancy School. His works have a strong symbolic significance by using a large number of exotic plants and insects.

新艺术运动在美国最大的特点表现为流畅的外形，鲜艳华丽的颜色。路易斯 康夫特 蒂夫尼是美国灯具设计领域中的代表人物。代表作品为彩绘玻璃台灯，如蒂夫尼的设计具有流畅的曲线造型为主旋律的新艺术风格特征，又兼具重视构造原理的功能主义倾向。

The greatest feature of the new art movement in the United States is its fluency and gorgeous colors. Luis Con J Te Jeff Ni is a representative figure in the design of lamps and lanterns in the United States. The representative works are painted glass desk lamps, such as Tiffany's design with smooth curve modeling as the main theme of the new art style features, but also attaches importance to the structural principle of functionalism.

1.2工业设计成型期

1.2 industrial design stage

在工业设计的成型期，对灯具设计影响较大的就是包豪斯时期的设计风格了。具体特征表现为高度理性、较好的功用性和十分简约的造型，包豪斯时期的灯具也是现代设计中非常杰出的产品设计。

In the forming period of industrial design, the design style of Bauhaus period has a great influence on the design of lamps and lanterns. Specific features for a high degree of rationality, good functionality and very simple modeling, Bauhaus period lamps and lanterns are also very outstanding product design in modern design.

美国的富裕社会环境下产生了消费主义，随着科技的不断进步，流线型风格应运而生并迅速风靡。美国流线型设计风格最大的特点是产品的外形采用圆滑的流线形，流线型风格的产生与空气力学有着莫大的关联，所以最先在汽车和火车类的交通产品中流行起来，随之风靡了整个美国各类产品的造型设计。

Consumerism emerged in the affluent social environment of the United States. With the continuous progress of science and technology, streamlined style emerged and quickly became popular. Streamlined design style of the United States is the greatest feature of the product shape using smooth streamlined, the production of streamlined style and aerodynamics have great relevance, so first in automotive and train traffic products popular, followed by the fashion of all kinds of products throughout the United States modeling design.